the summary of industrial revolution

First Phase: machines and manual labor (1760-1840)
The triumph of Industrialization
The English industry became thanks to two decisive changes:
· The mechanization of work: it arose from the experience of the textile craftsmen, who contributed to increase the production. John Cay invented the flying shuttle that allowed making cotton fabrics. Samuel Crompton invented mule-jenny, machine that produced fine and resistant thread. These machines needed to be moved by the force of water.
· The application of the steam: James Walt invented the steam engine, in 1765. Becoming one of the first passages for the industrial development, because it looked for to replace the force of the worker so that the production was more profitable.
Iron and steel industry and mining: the iron and the coal.
At the beginning of industrialization, the raw material to construct machines was the iron, rare metal in England. Nevertheless, the work with the iron had problems such as: smelting, firewood was used, so they looked for the treatment with a mineral called coal base, which was successful. In addition it reduced the costs in the production of the iron and the cutting of forests.
The agricultural revolution:
Simultaneously with the industrial revolution and favored by this, agricultural revolution occurred to the call, in which 2 aspects considered: the transformation of the agricultural structures and the new techniques of farming.
The demographic revolution:
Europe from second half of century XVIII I accelerate the growth of population. The causes that we can give are: the best feeding, the advances of the medicine and the hygiene. It stimulates the economic development.
Mathus proposed to control natality by marriages reduction. But most effective, was the emigration of European people to other regions of the world.





Second phase: The technical revolution (1840 -1920)
The technical and economic advances caused by the industrial revolution transformed the revolutions and the customs that had the people around the decade of the 1840 at this time aspect more important was transportation and communications thanks to both things, distances were reduced considerably.

The Railroad
One of the first inventions of this second phase of the industrial revolution was the train. The first steam locomotive was moved in 1814 but its speed was less than a horse. In 1835 there was a locomotive with more force and more speed. The appearance of the railroad fortified the industrial revolution and impulse the growth of heavy industry.
Navigation in steamers
In 1803, the first boat to steam was invented and created by Fulton. In 1807 was constructed the Clermont boat equipped with a Walt´s machine. From this moment boats in different countries from the all over the world were constructed. Towards 1837 it was possible to count on boats transatlantic post office, and regular lines between Europe and the other continents.
Expansion of the industrial revolution
The industrial revolution began in England and it was expanded to the other countries of the world.
· France: The industrialization begins since century XIX. The first machines installed in France came from England, but later they began to construct them in France. Mechanization became general and had railway and the public works stimulated the progress
· Germany: Beginning industrialization thanks to the Prussia roll. And in 1834 settled down the customs union, the creation of a great market. In 1835 began working the first railroad. The industrial resources, the technical capacity, the creation of the German empire turned the country as a great industrial powerful country.
· The United States: in 1860, it was the second industrial power of the world. The great natural resources, the laying of the railroad, the big wave of emigrants and the innovations applied in the production systems were causes of the fast industrial development.
· Japan: the revolution Meiji (1868), Japan entered a modernization process that includes the industrial revolution.


Third Phase: technological revolution (1920-…)
We can locate this third phase since 1920. By this time aviation and astronautics received great impulse and began to work with atomic energy, the electronics and the cybernetics, and developed the mass media (radio, television, cinema, telephony, computer science), and the means of transport.
A characteristic of this time constitutes the call “industrial automatization”, controlled by computers. Nowadays it is spoken of the computerized company.

By: Susana Caicedo